Sleep sounds
A sleep sound should be steady and calm: a regular sound such as rain, distant water, a fan's hum or brown noise can cover sudden sounds in the night. Play it quietly, with the speaker away from the bed, and don't wear headphones all night. Evidence that the sound itself changes sleep is limited; each card shows its level of evidence.
Keep the volume low enough not to disturb you and place the device away from the bed. Long sessions end with a gentle fade; in sleep mode the screen goes dark.
Up to 30 minutes
For a nap or for drifting off: short sounds that fade out gently at the end.
Rain and water
Regular drops and waves form a broadband cover; the ones with thunder are softened too.
All in the Atlas (8)Night and nature
Crickets, distant thunder, the crackle of a fire: a sparse but continuously living background.
Hum and travel
Train, ferry, washing machine and tumble dryer: familiar mechanical sounds with a slow rhythm.
Soft noise
Brown, pink and grey noise, fan and air conditioner: the flattest cover. Treble is softened, so it can play all night.
All in the Atlas (8)Melody and tone
A slow melody or a deep tone; the ones with beats need headphones, as their card says.
Journeys
Reading and tools
Evidence
This page has no evidence level of its own; each sound's level is on its card. A summary of the related claims:
Broadband noise and masking
Continuous noise probably makes surrounding sounds less noticeable.
What don't we know? It is not clear that masking translates into protected sleep: in a 25-person lab study, adding pink noise to intermittent environmental noise worsened sleep structure further, and earplugs worked better.
Findings and sourcesSleeping with white, pink or brown noise
Evidence on sleep is low quality and mixed; in one study pink noise reduced REM sleep. Keep the volume low.
What don't we know? A systematic review of 38 studies rated the evidence 'very low' quality and warned that continuous noise may harm sleep and hearing.
Findings and sourcesMusic before bed and sleep
A slow, calm melody accompanies your bedtime routine; listening to music before bed probably improves subjective sleep quality.
What don't we know? No improvement in objective sleep measures was shown.
Findings and sourcesBinaural beats and sleep
Research on sleep is at an early stage; there are small pilot studies.
What don't we know? Comparison conditions are weak (no control or a silent night) and samples are very small.
Findings and sources
How evidence levels are assigned: Evidence methodology